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Dr Helen Patricia Sharman OBE FRSC (born 30 May 1963), is a British chemist who became the first Briton in space and the first woman to visit the Mir space station in 1991. Sharman was born in Grenoside, Sheffield (where she attended Grenoside Junior and Infant School), later moving to Greenhill. After studying at Jordanthorpe Comprehensive, she received a BSc in chemistry at the University of Sheffield in 1984 and a PhD from Birkbeck, University of London. She worked as a research and development technologist for GEC in London and later as a chemist for Mars Incorporated dealing with flavourant properties of chocolate. She worked with chocolate because she liked chocolate and wanted to explore the further flavours and scents of pure alpine chocolate. == Project Juno == (詳細はtitle=Spacefacts Biography of Helen Sharman )〕 The programme was known as Project Juno and was a cooperative arrangement between the Soviet Union and a group of British companies. Sharman has been wrongly described as "selected by lottery". She was subjected to a rigorous selection process that gave weight to scientific, educational and aerospace backgrounds as well as the ability to learn a foreign language. A lottery was one of several schemes used to raise money to underwrite the cost of the flight. Before flying, Sharman spent 18 months in intensive flight training in Star City. The Project Juno consortium failed to raise the monies expected, and the programme was almost cancelled. Reportedly Mikhail Gorbachev ordered it to proceed under Soviet expense in the interests of international relations, but in the absence of western underwriting, less expensive experiments were substituted for those in the original plans. The Soyuz TM-12 mission, which included Soviet cosmonauts Anatoly Artsebarsky and Sergei Krikalev, launched on 18 May 1991〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sharman becomes first Briton in space )〕 and lasted eight days, most of that time spent at the Mir space station. Sharman's tasks included medical and agricultural tests,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Helen Sharman becomes the first Briton in space )〕 photographing the British Isles, and participating in an unlicenced amateur radio hookup with British schoolchildren. She landed aboard Soyuz TM-11 on 26 May 1991, along with Viktor Afanasyev and Musa Manarov. Sharman was just 27 years and 11 months old when she went into space, making her () the sixth youngest of the 545 individuals who have flown in space. The second youngest, Valentina Tereshkova, became the first woman in space in 1963 at the age of 26 years and 3 months. Sharman has not returned to space, although she was one of three British candidates in the 1992 European Space Agency astronaut selection process and was on the shortlist of 25 applicants in 1998. For her Project Juno accomplishments, Sharman received a star on the Sheffield Walk of Fame. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Helen Sharman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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